Which Countries have the Lowest and Highest Retirement Ages in Europe?

Emmanuel Macron’s difficult decision to raise the pension age in France has led to some of the most serious disturbances we have seen in Europe since the Yellow Vest movement of 2018. It’s a worrying precursor for all aging societies, each of whom will be looking to conduct similar politically unpopular manoeuvres as demographic decline reduces the tax base and exacerbates the dependency ratio. Some data here on where different European countries are at on pension age, by country and by gender.